Spine CPT codes

Percutaneous arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint performed under image guidance, with placement of intra-articular implant(s) — such as bone allograft or a synthetic device — without transfixing the joint.

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation of one lumbar vertebral body using a mechanical device (e.g., kyphoplasty), including cavity creation, unilateral or bilateral cannulation, and all imaging guidance. Fracture reduction and bone biopsy are included when performed.

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation of a single thoracic vertebral body, including cavity creation via mechanical device (e.g., balloon kyphoplasty), with imaging guidance included.

Add-on code for percutaneous vertebral augmentation of each additional thoracic or lumbar vertebral body beyond the first, including cavity creation with a mechanical device, imaging guidance, fracture reduction, and bone biopsy when performed. Always listed in addition to 22513 or 22514.

Three-column thoracic spine osteotomy via posterior or posterolateral approach, resecting one vertebral segment including pedicles and posterior vertebral wall — the pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) at the thoracic level.

Revision or replacement of a previously implanted cervical total disc arthroplasty, performed via an anterior approach at a single interspace.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 13 or more vertebral segments, performed with or without application of a body cast.

Three-column lumbar spinal osteotomy performed via a posterior or posterolateral approach on a single vertebral segment, involving removal of a wedge of bone to correct fixed sagittal or coronal deformity in the lumbar spine.

Kyphectomy with circumferential spinal exposure and full resection of three or more vertebral segments, including vertebral body and posterior elements.

Partial or complete lumbar vertebral body resection via lateral extracavitary approach, single segment, with spinal cord and/or nerve root decompression.

Removal of a previously implanted single-level cervical total disc arthroplasty device at one interspace.

Arthrodesis at the lumbosacral junction (L5-S1) performed via a presacral, retroperitoneal interbody approach with implant placement.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning eight or more vertebral segments, with or without cast application.

Arthrodesis of the clivus-C1-C2 complex via anterior transoral or extraoral approach, with or without odontoid process excision.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 7 to 12 vertebral segments, with or without body cast application.

Kyphectomy involving circumferential spinal exposure and full resection of one or two vertebral segments, including both the vertebral body and posterior elements.

Partial or complete resection of a lumbar vertebral body via a lateral extracavitary approach, performed to decompress the spinal cord and/or nerve roots — typically for tumor, infection, or retropulsed bone fragments.

Open reduction of an odontoid fracture or dislocation via anterior cervical approach, with internal fixation and bone grafting.

Anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering using screws and a flexible cord to correct scoliosis without fusion, covering up to 7 vertebral segments, with thoracoscopy included when performed.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 4 to 7 vertebral segments, including minimal discectomy to prepare each interspace.

Anterior discectomy with osteotomy of a single thoracic vertebral segment, performed via an anterior approach.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty of one lumbosacral vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral cement injection, with all imaging guidance included.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty of one cervicothoracic vertebral body, including cavity creation, fracture reduction, and bone biopsy when performed — all under imaging guidance.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 2 to 3 vertebral segments, performed with or without cast application.

Spinal fusion at a single thoracic vertebral segment using the lateral extracavitary approach, which provides a wide posterolateral corridor to the anterior and middle columns without entering the thoracic cavity. Includes minimal discectomy to prepare the interspace for fusion.

Posterior or posterolateral osteotomy of a single cervical vertebral segment, involving cutting and removing a portion of the vertebra to correct spinal deformity.

Single-level lumbar arthrodesis combining posterior or posterolateral technique with posterior interbody technique, including laminectomy and/or discectomy sufficient to prepare the interspace — performed as one surgical session at one lumbar interspace.

Revision, replacement, or removal of a previously placed thoracic vertebral body tethering construct — screws and flexible cable — used to treat progressive scoliosis, with thoracoscopy included when performed.

Anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering via screw-and-cord construct placed across 8 or more vertebral segments, thoracoscopy included when performed.

Partial or complete removal of a cervical vertebral body via an anterior or anterolateral approach to decompress the spinal cord and/or nerve roots at a single level.

Open treatment of an odontoid process fracture or dislocation using internal fixation (screws or wires) without bone graft application.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at a single interspace, performed through a front-of-neck approach with removal of disc material and arthrodesis of adjacent vertebral bodies.

Anterior interbody fusion of a single thoracic interspace, including the minimal discectomy needed to prepare the disc space — performed via an anterior or anterolateral approach.

Cervical laminoplasty with spinal cord decompression across two or more vertebral segments, including posterior bony element reconstruction with bridging bone graft and non-segmental fixation devices such as wire, suture, or mini-plates.

Anterior lumbar total disc arthroplasty at a single interspace, including discectomy to prepare the interspace (not for decompression purposes).

Posterior arthrodesis of the craniocervical junction, spanning from the occiput through C2, performed to eliminate pathologic motion at the skull-cervical interface.

Anterior osteotomy of a single cervical vertebral segment, performed via an anterior surgical approach to realign or decompress the cervical spine.

Spinal fusion of a lumbar vertebral segment performed through a lateral extracavitary approach, including minimal discectomy to prepare the interspace (not performed solely for decompression).

Single-level cervical total disc arthroplasty via anterior approach, including discectomy, endplate preparation, osteophytectomy for nerve root or spinal cord decompression, and microdissection — one interspace only.

Posterior interbody arthrodesis of a single lumbar interspace, including laminectomy and/or discectomy performed to prepare the interspace for fusion rather than for decompression.

Open posterior treatment and/or reduction of a single fractured or dislocated thoracic vertebral segment, performed through a posterior approach.

Biopsy or excision of a lesion in the lumbar spine performed via laminectomy approach, accessing an extradural target.

Posterior arthrodesis of the atlas and axis (C1-C2), surgically fusing the first and second cervical vertebrae through a posterior approach to stabilize the upper cervical spine.

Anterior approach osteotomy of a single lumbar vertebral segment, including discectomy, to correct spinal deformity or severe sagittal imbalance.

Open treatment of a cervical spine fracture and/or dislocation, performed at a single vertebral level in the neck.

Posterior or posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis of a single interspace, performed via a posterior approach with bone graft and typically pedicle screw fixation to achieve vertebral segment fusion.

Posterior or posterolateral osteotomy of a single thoracic vertebral segment to correct spinal deformity

Cervical laminectomy spanning more than two vertebral segments for spinal cord or cauda equina exploration and/or decompression, performed without facetectomy, foraminotomy, or discectomy.

Open posterior reduction and stabilization of a lumbar vertebral fracture or dislocation, performed through a posterior surgical approach.

Posterior or posterolateral spinal osteotomy of a single lumbar vertebral segment — a bone-cutting procedure used to correct sagittal or coronal plane deformity in the lumbar spine.

Anterior interbody arthrodesis of the lumbar spine using an anterior or anterolateral approach, including the minimal discectomy required to prepare the interspace for fusion.

Lumbar spinal cord and nerve root decompression via transpedicular approach, single segment, including transfacet or lateral extraforaminal variants for far lateral disc herniations.

Laminectomy-based removal of an extradural lesion located in the lumbar spine, accessing the intraspinal space by resecting the posterior bony arch.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning up to 6 vertebral segments, with or without application of a body cast.

Posterior or posterolateral cervical spinal fusion at a single interspace below C2, performed through a posterior approach to achieve bony arthrodesis.

Single-level posterior or posterolateral thoracic spine arthrodesis using a transverse process technique

Open cervical laminectomy with facetectomy and foraminotomy at a single vertebral level to decompress nerve roots or the spinal cord.

Reinsertion of a previously placed spinal fixation device — rods, screws, or plates — returned to the same spinal level(s) due to device failure, migration, or mechanical complication.

Lumbar laminotomy or hemilaminectomy performed as a reexploration at a single interspace, including nerve root decompression with partial facetectomy, foraminotomy, and/or herniated disc excision at a previously operated level.

Surgical removal of a rib head and adjacent transverse process to access the thoracic spine or decompress the spinal cord and nerve roots via a posterolateral approach.