Fusion CPT codes

Percutaneous arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint performed under image guidance, with placement of intra-articular implant(s) — such as bone allograft or a synthetic device — without transfixing the joint.

Add-on code for percutaneous vertebral augmentation of each additional thoracic or lumbar vertebral body beyond the first, including cavity creation with a mechanical device, imaging guidance, fracture reduction, and bone biopsy when performed. Always listed in addition to 22513 or 22514.

Three-column thoracic spine osteotomy via posterior or posterolateral approach, resecting one vertebral segment including pedicles and posterior vertebral wall — the pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) at the thoracic level.

Revision or replacement of a previously implanted cervical total disc arthroplasty, performed via an anterior approach at a single interspace.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 13 or more vertebral segments, performed with or without application of a body cast.

Three-column lumbar spinal osteotomy performed via a posterior or posterolateral approach on a single vertebral segment, involving removal of a wedge of bone to correct fixed sagittal or coronal deformity in the lumbar spine.

Kyphectomy with circumferential spinal exposure and full resection of three or more vertebral segments, including vertebral body and posterior elements.

Partial or complete lumbar vertebral body resection via lateral extracavitary approach, single segment, with spinal cord and/or nerve root decompression.

Arthrodesis at the lumbosacral junction (L5-S1) performed via a presacral, retroperitoneal interbody approach with implant placement.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning eight or more vertebral segments, with or without cast application.

Arthrodesis of the clivus-C1-C2 complex via anterior transoral or extraoral approach, with or without odontoid process excision.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 7 to 12 vertebral segments, with or without body cast application.

Kyphectomy involving circumferential spinal exposure and full resection of one or two vertebral segments, including both the vertebral body and posterior elements.

Anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering using screws and a flexible cord to correct scoliosis without fusion, covering up to 7 vertebral segments, with thoracoscopy included when performed.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 4 to 7 vertebral segments, including minimal discectomy to prepare each interspace.

Anterior discectomy with osteotomy of a single thoracic vertebral segment, performed via an anterior approach.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty of one lumbosacral vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral cement injection, with all imaging guidance included.

Anterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning 2 to 3 vertebral segments, performed with or without cast application.

Spinal fusion at a single thoracic vertebral segment using the lateral extracavitary approach, which provides a wide posterolateral corridor to the anterior and middle columns without entering the thoracic cavity. Includes minimal discectomy to prepare the interspace for fusion.

Posterior or posterolateral osteotomy of a single cervical vertebral segment, involving cutting and removing a portion of the vertebra to correct spinal deformity.

Single-level lumbar arthrodesis combining posterior or posterolateral technique with posterior interbody technique, including laminectomy and/or discectomy sufficient to prepare the interspace — performed as one surgical session at one lumbar interspace.

Revision, replacement, or removal of a previously placed thoracic vertebral body tethering construct — screws and flexible cable — used to treat progressive scoliosis, with thoracoscopy included when performed.

Anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering via screw-and-cord construct placed across 8 or more vertebral segments, thoracoscopy included when performed.

Partial or complete removal of a cervical vertebral body via an anterior or anterolateral approach to decompress the spinal cord and/or nerve roots at a single level.

Open treatment of an odontoid process fracture or dislocation using internal fixation (screws or wires) without bone graft application.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at a single interspace, performed through a front-of-neck approach with removal of disc material and arthrodesis of adjacent vertebral bodies.

Anterior interbody fusion of a single thoracic interspace, including the minimal discectomy needed to prepare the disc space — performed via an anterior or anterolateral approach.

Posterior arthrodesis of the craniocervical junction, spanning from the occiput through C2, performed to eliminate pathologic motion at the skull-cervical interface.

Anterior osteotomy of a single cervical vertebral segment, performed via an anterior surgical approach to realign or decompress the cervical spine.

Spinal fusion of a lumbar vertebral segment performed through a lateral extracavitary approach, including minimal discectomy to prepare the interspace (not performed solely for decompression).

Single-level cervical total disc arthroplasty via anterior approach, including discectomy, endplate preparation, osteophytectomy for nerve root or spinal cord decompression, and microdissection — one interspace only.

Posterior interbody arthrodesis of a single lumbar interspace, including laminectomy and/or discectomy performed to prepare the interspace for fusion rather than for decompression.

Posterior arthrodesis of the atlas and axis (C1-C2), surgically fusing the first and second cervical vertebrae through a posterior approach to stabilize the upper cervical spine.

Posterior or posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis of a single interspace, performed via a posterior approach with bone graft and typically pedicle screw fixation to achieve vertebral segment fusion.

Posterior or posterolateral osteotomy of a single thoracic vertebral segment to correct spinal deformity

Posterior or posterolateral spinal osteotomy of a single lumbar vertebral segment — a bone-cutting procedure used to correct sagittal or coronal plane deformity in the lumbar spine.

Open fusion of the hip joint with autograft bone harvested at the same operative session.

Anterior interbody arthrodesis of the lumbar spine using an anterior or anterolateral approach, including the minimal discectomy required to prepare the interspace for fusion.

Surgical arthrodesis of the knee joint, fusing the femur and tibia using any technique to eliminate motion at the joint.

Posterior spinal arthrodesis for deformity correction spanning up to 6 vertebral segments, with or without application of a body cast.

Open arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint, including bone graft harvest and instrumentation when used

Posterior or posterolateral cervical spinal fusion at a single interspace below C2, performed through a posterior approach to achieve bony arthrodesis.

Single-level posterior or posterolateral thoracic spine arthrodesis using a transverse process technique

Reinsertion of a previously placed spinal fixation device — rods, screws, or plates — returned to the same spinal level(s) due to device failure, migration, or mechanical complication.

Anterior interbody arthrodesis of the cervical spine below C2, performed via anterior approach with minimal diskectomy to prepare the interspace for fusion — not performed for decompression purposes.

Thoracic laminectomy covering one or two vertebral segments, performed to explore and/or decompress the spinal cord or cauda equina — without facetectomy, foraminotomy, or discectomy.

Posterior cervical laminectomy covering 1 or 2 vertebral segments, performed to decompress the spinal cord or cauda equina, without facetectomy, foraminotomy, or discectomy.

Single-level thoracic laminectomy with facetectomy and foraminotomy performed via a posterior approach to decompress neural elements.

Surgical fusion of the glenohumeral joint using bone graft harvested from the patient's own body, permanently eliminating motion at the shoulder.

Surgical fusion of all four hindfoot and ankle joints — tibiotalar, subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid — performed as a single procedure using internal fixation.

Lumbar laminectomy at a single vertebral segment that also includes facetectomy and foraminotomy for decompression of the spinal cord, cauda equina, and/or nerve roots — unilateral or bilateral.

Surgical removal of a previously placed anterior spinal instrumentation system (plate, rod, or screw construct) from the front of the vertebral column.

Surgical arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, fusing the great toe's MTP joint to eliminate motion and relieve pain.

Open insertion of an interlaminar or interspinous process stabilization/distraction device at a single lumbar level, performed with open decompression, without spinal fusion.

Laminectomy of one or two sacral vertebral segments to explore or decompress the spinal cord and/or cauda equina — without facetectomy, foraminotomy, or discectomy.

Fusion of the distal radioulnar joint combined with segmental resection of the ulna, with or without bone graft — the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure.

Surgical fusion of the glenohumeral joint using internal fixation to permanently immobilize the shoulder, without bone graft harvesting.

Open surgical fusion of the tibiotalar (ankle) joint, performed through a direct incision to prepare joint surfaces and achieve bony union.

Surgical fusion of the elbow joint using bone graft harvested from the patient's own body, with internal fixation to eliminate motion and stabilize the joint.

Arthrodesis of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe — surgical fusion specifically at the IP joint of the hallux.