Joint replacement · Knee

27446

Arthroplasty of the knee involving resurfacing of the condyle and tibial plateau in a single tibiofemoral compartment — medial OR lateral, not both.

Verified May 8, 2026 · 6 sources ↓

Medicare
$1,047.45
Total RVUs
31.36
Global, days
90
Region
Knee
Drawn from CMSAAPCZimmerbiometOrthofloridaAAOS

Documentation requirements

What must appear in the operative or office note to support the claim.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in 6 cited references ↓

  • Specify which compartment was treated — medial OR lateral — by name in the operative report
  • Confirm both the femoral condyle and tibial plateau were resurfaced with prosthetic components
  • Document that the contralateral tibiofemoral compartment and patellofemoral joint were NOT replaced (distinguishes 27446 from 27447)
  • Record implant manufacturer, model, and lot numbers for each component placed
  • Include pre-operative imaging (X-ray or MRI) demonstrating isolated compartmental disease supporting unicompartmental approach
  • Operative note must name the surgical approach (e.g., medial parapatellar, subvastus, midvastus) — notes stating only 'standard approach' draw audit flags
  • If modifier 22 is appended, include a separate narrative quantifying the additional work and time beyond typical

Applicable modifiers

Modifiers commonly billed with this code.

Source · AMA CPT modifier descriptors · CMS NCCI Policy Manual

What this code covers

Source · Editorial summary grounded in 6 cited references ↓

27446 covers unicompartmental (partial) knee arthroplasty in which one tibiofemoral compartment — medial or lateral — is resurfaced with prosthetic components at the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. It is distinct from 27447, which requires resurfacing of both medial and lateral compartments. Patellofemoral arthroplasty alone does not qualify for 27446; the tibiofemoral compartment must be the surgical target.

27446 carries a 90-day global period. All routine post-operative care through day 90 is bundled — separate E/M visits during that window require modifier 24 for unrelated conditions or modifier 25 if a separately identifiable service occurs on the day of surgery. The code sits in the same APC grouping (5115) as neighboring arthroplasty codes under HOPD, and carries a J8 ASC payment indicator.

When 27437 (patellaplasty) is performed at the same session, NCCI bundles it with 27446. Modifier 59 can break the edit only when the operative note clearly documents the procedures as distinct. Modifier 51 does not override a bundling edit — document distinction, then append 59.

RVU & reimbursement

Component RVUs and Medicare national rate. Actual payment varies by GPCI locality.

Source · CMS Physician Fee Schedule, RVU26A · January 2026

Work RVU16.7
Practice expense RVU11.13
Malpractice RVU3.53
Total RVU31.36
Medicare national rate$1,047.45
Global period90 days

Payment by site of service

Medicare pays different rates by setting. HOPD typically pays substantially more than ASC for the same procedure.

Source · CMS OPPS Addendum B·ASC HCPCS payment rates·2026

SettingMedicare rate (national)
Office (PFS non-facility)
Procedure performed in physician's office
$1,047.45
HOPD (APC 5115)
Hospital outpatient department
$13,116.76
ASC (PI J8)
Ambulatory surgical center (freestanding)
$9,213.82

Common denial reasons

The recurring reasons claims for CPT 27446 get rejected.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in CMS NCCI edits, AAOS coding appeals, and cited references ↓

  • Upcoding to 27447: payer determines bilateral compartment resurfacing was performed but 27446 was billed
  • Patellofemoral-only procedure billed as 27446 — patellofemoral arthroplasty alone does not meet code criteria
  • Post-op E/M visits billed without modifier 24 or 25 during the 90-day global period
  • 27437 billed same-day without modifier 59 and supporting documentation of distinct procedural service
  • Missing or mismatched laterality — LT/RT modifier absent when payer requires it, or conflicts with ICD-10 diagnosis laterality
  • ICD-10 diagnosis reflects bilateral or tricompartmental disease without documentation explaining unicompartmental approach decision

Frequently asked questions

Source · Generated from the editorial pipeline, verified against 6 cited references ↓

01What is the difference between 27446 and 27447?
27446 = one tibiofemoral compartment resurfaced (medial OR lateral). 27447 = both medial and lateral compartments resurfaced, with or without patellar resurfacing (total knee arthroplasty). If you placed components in both compartments, 27447 is the correct code regardless of whether the patella was addressed.
02Can I bill 27446 for a patellofemoral arthroplasty?
No. Patellofemoral arthroplasty alone does not meet the criteria for 27446. The code requires resurfacing of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau in a single tibiofemoral compartment.
03How do I handle the 90-day global period for 27446?
Routine post-op care through day 90 is bundled and not separately billable. Use modifier 24 for unrelated E/M services during the global period, modifier 25 for a separately identifiable E/M on the day of surgery, and modifier 78 for an unplanned return to the OR for a related complication within 90 days.
04Can 27446 and 27437 be billed on the same day?
NCCI bundles 27437 with 27446. To bill both, append modifier 59 to 27437 and document in the operative note that the patellaplasty was a distinct service. Modifier 51 does not override a bundling edit — documentation is the prerequisite.
05Which laterality modifiers are required for 27446?
Most payers require LT or RT. For a bilateral same-session procedure on both knees, use modifier 50 on a single line or bill each knee on separate lines with LT and RT. Verify your payer's preferred billing format — Medicare typically accepts modifier 50 on a single line.
06When is modifier 22 appropriate for 27446?
Append modifier 22 when the procedure required substantially more work than typical — for example, severe deformity, prior hardware, or obesity significantly complicating the approach. You must include a written narrative in the record quantifying the additional time and complexity; the modifier alone without documentation will not support increased reimbursement.
07Is 27446 performed in an ASC, and does site of service affect payment?
Yes. 27446 carries ASC payment indicator J8, meaning it is payable in the ASC setting. HOPD and ASC payment rates differ — see the Site of Service comparison table on this page for current 2026 figures under CMS Physician Fee Schedule 2026.

Mira AI Scribe

Mira's AI scribe captures the treated compartment (medial vs. lateral), confirms both femoral condyle and tibial plateau resurfacing, records implant details, and flags if the patellofemoral joint was left native — the exact facts that distinguish 27446 from 27447 and prevent upcoding denials or payer downcodes at audit.

See how Mira captures CPT 27446 documentation

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