ICD-10-CM · Spine

M50.31

Degenerative changes affecting the intervertebral discs at the high cervical spine level, specifically the C2-C3 and C3-C4 disc spaces, classified as 'other' degeneration distinct from disc herniation or displacement.

Verified May 8, 2026 · 5 sources ↓

Status
Billable
Chapter
13
Related CPT
12
Region
Spine
Drawn from CDCICD10DataAAPCIcdcodesOutsourcestrategies

Documentation tips

What should appear in the chart to support M50.31.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in 5 cited references ↓

  • Name the specific disc level (C2-C3 or C3-C4) in the assessment or imaging interpretation — 'high cervical' alone is insufficient without level confirmation.
  • Record MRI or CT findings that support degeneration: disc space narrowing, desiccation, osteophyte formation, or loss of disc height at the identified level.
  • Distinguish degeneration from displacement or herniation in the clinical note; if both are present, assign separate codes (e.g., M50.21 for displacement plus M50.31 for degeneration at the same level).
  • Document any neurological findings (upper extremity numbness, weakness, Spurling's test result) separately — if radiculopathy or myelopathy is confirmed, a higher-specificity M50.0x or M50.1x code takes precedence.
  • Note the chronicity and prior conservative treatment history (physical therapy, medications, injections) to support medical necessity for advanced imaging or surgical consultation.

Related CPT procedures

Procedure codes commonly billed with M50.31. Linking the right diagnosis to the right procedure is what establishes medical necessity.

Source · CMS LCDs · AAOS specialty guidance · claims-pattern analysis

99213 $95.19
Established patient office or outpatient visit requiring 20–29 minutes of total time or low-complexity medical decision-making.
99214 $135.61
Office visit for an established patient requiring moderate-complexity medical decision making (MDM), or 30–39 minutes of total provider time on the date of service.
72141 $190.72
MRI of the cervical spinal canal and its contents performed without contrast material.
22551 $1,604.91
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at a single interspace, performed through a front-of-neck approach with removal of disc material and arthrodesis of adjacent vertebral bodies.
22554 $1,215.79
Anterior interbody arthrodesis of the cervical spine below C2, performed via anterior approach with minimal diskectomy to prepare the interspace for fusion — not performed for decompression purposes.
63020 $1,064.15
Laminotomy at a single cervical interspace with nerve root decompression, including partial facetectomy, foraminotomy, and/or herniated disc excision — open or endoscopic approach.
63045 $1,249.53
Open cervical laminectomy with facetectomy and foraminotomy at a single vertebral level to decompress nerve roots or the spinal cord.
97110 $29.06
Therapeutic exercise billed per 15-minute unit, targeting strength, endurance, range of motion, or flexibility with direct one-on-one patient contact.
20610 $68.81
Aspiration and/or injection of a major joint or bursa (shoulder, hip, knee, or subacromial bursa) performed without ultrasound guidance.
72142 View procedure details
72156 View procedure details
97012 View procedure details

Common coding pitfalls

The recurring mistakes coders make with M50.31 and adjacent codes.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in CDC ICD-10-CM tabular guidance, AAOS coding references, and cited references ↓

  • Using M50.31 when only 'cervical disc degeneration' is documented without specifying C2-C3 or C3-C4 — drop to M50.30 (unspecified region) if level is not confirmed in the record.
  • Assigning M50.31 instead of M50.01 or M50.11 when the primary documented diagnosis is myelopathy or radiculopathy caused by high cervical disc disease — degeneration is the etiology, but the symptomatic condition drives the principal code.
  • Confusing high cervical (C2-C4, M50.31) with mid-cervical (C4-C7, M50.32x) — imaging reports must be read carefully; C4-C5 degeneration belongs under M50.321, not M50.31.
  • Omitting a second code for radiculopathy or myelopathy when both conditions are separately documented and managed — M50.31 does not capture neurological complications.

Clinical context

Source · Editorial summary grounded in 5 cited references ↓

M50.31 applies when imaging or clinical documentation confirms disc degeneration at the high cervical region — defined as C2-C3 or C3-C4 — and the pathology does not meet criteria for a more specific subtype such as disc displacement (M50.21) or disc disorder with myelopathy (M50.01). The 'other' designation in the code title encompasses degeneration that is neither herniation nor classified under myelopathy or radiculopathy subcategories. If radiculopathy or myelopathy is the dominant documented finding, step up to the appropriate M50.0x or M50.1x code instead.

Within the M50.3x family, region specificity is mandatory for accurate coding. M50.30 is the unspecified fallback when the operative or imaging report does not name a specific cervical level — use M50.31 only when C2-C3 or C3-C4 is explicitly documented. Mid-cervical degeneration (C4-C5 through C6-C7) belongs under M50.32x, and cervicothoracic (C7-T1) under M50.33. Assigning M50.31 without level-specific imaging documentation creates an audit vulnerability.

High cervical disc degeneration at C2-C3 and C3-C4 is less common than mid-cervical degeneration and can produce occipital neuralgia, upper neck stiffness, and referred pain patterns distinct from lower cervical levels. When the patient also has radiculopathy or myelopathy that is separately documented, code both conditions — M50.31 as the degeneration code plus the appropriate M50.0x or M50.1x — if both are independently managed and documented.

Inclusion & exclusion notes

Per the official ICD-10-CM Tabular List.

Source · CDC ICD-10-CM Official Tabular List · 2026

Includes

  • Other C2-C3 cervical disc degeneration
  • Other C3-C4 cervical disc degeneration

Sibling codes

Other billable codes under M50.3 (laterality / anatomic variants).

Frequently asked questions

Source · Generated from the editorial pipeline, verified against 5 cited references ↓

01What disc levels does M50.31 cover?
M50.31 covers the C2-C3 and C3-C4 disc levels only, per the ICD-10-CM Tabular List 'Applicable To' notation. Degeneration at C4-C5, C5-C6, or C6-C7 belongs under M50.32x.
02When should I use M50.30 instead of M50.31?
Use M50.30 when cervical disc degeneration is confirmed on imaging or clinically but the specific cervical level is not documented. If the note or imaging report names C2-C3 or C3-C4, M50.31 is required for maximum specificity.
03Can M50.31 be used alongside a radiculopathy code?
Yes. If the provider documents both high cervical disc degeneration and radiculopathy as separate, independently managed findings, assign M50.31 for the degeneration and the appropriate M50.1x or M54.2x code for the radiculopathy. If radiculopathy at that level is the primary diagnosis, M50.11 (cervical disc degeneration with radiculopathy, high cervical) is the more appropriate single code.
04Does M50.31 require a 7th-character extension?
No. M-codes in Chapter 13 do not use 7th-character extensions (A/D/S). Those apply to injury S-codes in Chapter 19. M50.31 is complete as a 6-character code.
05Is M50.31 valid for physical therapy and chiropractic billing?
Yes, M50.31 is a billable specific code valid across payers for PT, chiropractic, and orthopedic visits. However, payer-specific LCD/NCD policies may require accompanying documentation of functional limitation and a treatment plan — confirm payer requirements before submitting.
06How does M50.31 differ from M50.21 (high cervical disc displacement)?
M50.21 captures disc displacement (herniation or bulge causing positional shift) at C2-C3 or C3-C4. M50.31 captures degenerative changes at the same levels — disc space narrowing, desiccation, or osteophytes — without herniation. Both codes can coexist if the record documents both pathologies at the same level.
07What imaging findings support M50.31?
MRI is the gold standard and should show disc desiccation, loss of disc height, annular fissuring, or end-plate changes at C2-C3 or C3-C4. CT may demonstrate osteophyte formation and foraminal narrowing. The imaging report must name the level to justify M50.31 over the unspecified code M50.30.

Mira AI Scribe

The Mira AI Scribe captures the specific disc level (C2-C3 or C3-C4), imaging modality and findings (MRI disc desiccation, height loss, osteophytes), neurological exam results (Spurling's test, dermatomal sensory changes), and prior conservative treatment history. This prevents the coder from defaulting to M50.30 (unspecified region) and supports medical necessity when ordering advanced imaging or proceeding to surgical planning.

See how Mira captures M50.31 documentation

Related ICD-10 codes

Ready?

Ready to transform your orthopedic practice?

See how orthopedic practices are running documentation, billing, and operations on a single voice-first platform.

Get started for free