Fusion · Foot & ankle

28740

Surgical fusion of a single midtarsal or tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint using internal fixation to permanently immobilize that joint.

Verified May 8, 2026 · 5 sources ↓

Medicare
$848.38
Total RVUs
25.4
Global, days
90
Region
Foot & ankle
Drawn from CMSAAPCAoassn

Documentation requirements

What must appear in the operative or office note to support the claim.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in 5 cited references ↓

  • Operative note must name the specific joint fused (e.g., first tarsometatarsal, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid) — 'midfoot fusion' alone is insufficient.
  • Confirm single-joint scope explicitly; if more than one joint was addressed, 28730 applies and the note must support that instead.
  • Document cartilage preparation technique and type of fixation hardware used (screws, plate, staples, etc.).
  • Include pre-operative imaging (weight-bearing X-rays, CT if used) demonstrating joint pathology that supports the arthrodesis indication.
  • Record failed conservative treatment (duration, modalities tried) to support medical necessity for elective fusions.
  • ICD-10 diagnosis must match the specific joint and underlying pathology documented in the history and operative report.

Applicable modifiers

Modifiers commonly billed with this code.

Source · AMA CPT modifier descriptors · CMS NCCI Policy Manual

What this code covers

Source · Editorial summary grounded in 5 cited references ↓

CPT 28740 covers open arthrodesis of one midtarsal or tarsometatarsal joint. Midtarsal joints include the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid articulations; tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc complex) involve the cuneiforms and cuboid articulating with the metatarsal bases. The procedure requires joint preparation—cartilage removal down to subchondral bone—followed by rigid fixation with screws, plates, or staples to achieve bony union across a single joint. This is a 90-day global procedure.

Code selection hinges on joint count. 28740 is strictly one joint. If you fuse multiple midtarsal or tarsometatarsal joints in a single session, 28730 applies instead. Confusing the two is one of the most common audit findings in foot arthrodesis billing. The operative note must identify the specific joint by name and confirm single-joint scope.

Common indications include post-traumatic arthritis following Lisfranc injury, primary osteoarthritis, flatfoot deformity correction at the medial column, and symptomatic midfoot instability failing conservative care. ICD-10 diagnosis codes should reflect the underlying pathology—arthritis, deformity, or injury sequela—and must align precisely with the joint documented in the operative report.

RVU & reimbursement

Component RVUs and Medicare national rate. Actual payment varies by GPCI locality.

Source · CMS Physician Fee Schedule, RVU26A · January 2026

Work RVU9.06
Practice expense RVU15.05
Malpractice RVU1.29
Total RVU25.4
Medicare national rate$848.38
Global period90 days

Payment by site of service

Medicare pays different rates by setting. HOPD typically pays substantially more than ASC for the same procedure.

Source · CMS OPPS Addendum B·ASC HCPCS payment rates·2026

SettingMedicare rate (national)
Office (PFS non-facility)
Procedure performed in physician's office
$848.38
HOPD (APC 5114)
Hospital outpatient department
$7,413.38
ASC (PI J8)
Ambulatory surgical center (freestanding)
$5,216.09

Common denial reasons

The recurring reasons claims for CPT 28740 get rejected.

Source · Editorial brief grounded in CMS NCCI edits, AAOS coding appeals, and cited references ↓

  • Code billed as 28740 but operative note describes fusion of multiple joints — should be 28730; payers and auditors flag the mismatch on joint count.
  • Medical necessity denial when pre-operative documentation lacks evidence of conservative treatment failure or supporting imaging.
  • ICD-10 diagnosis code does not match the joint or laterality documented in the operative report, triggering CPT-ICD mismatch edits.
  • Bone graft harvest (e.g., 20900) billed separately without modifier when payer considers it bundled — check NCCI edits; 28740 + 20900 is a complexity-adjusted pair under HOPD rules.
  • Missing or vague operative note — 'standard midfoot fusion' without joint-level specificity is insufficient for audit defense and triggers downcoding or denial.

Frequently asked questions

Source · Generated from the editorial pipeline, verified against 5 cited references ↓

01What is the difference between 28740 and 28730?
28740 covers fusion of a single midtarsal or tarsometatarsal joint. 28730 covers multiple midtarsal or tarsometatarsal joints fused in the same session, or a transverse arthrodesis. If your operative note touches more than one joint, 28730 is the correct code.
02Can I bill bone graft harvest separately with 28740?
Under HOPD rules, 28740 and 20900 (bone graft, small) are a complexity-adjusted APC pair — meaning the graft is captured in the facility payment. On the physician side, check current NCCI edits; if bundled, modifier 59 does not override a Column 1/Column 2 edit without a legitimate separate-service rationale.
03What modifier do I use if I fuse the same joint on a patient who returns with a complication during the 90-day global?
Modifier 78 covers an unplanned return to the OR for a procedure related to the original surgery during the global period. If the return procedure is unrelated to the original fusion, use modifier 79 instead.
04Does the 90-day global period affect E/M billing for post-op visits?
Yes. Routine post-op office visits within the 90-day global are included in 28740's payment and cannot be billed separately. If a visit addresses a problem unrelated to the fusion, append modifier 24 to the E/M code.
05How should I code a bilateral midtarsal fusion performed in the same session?
Report 28740 with modifier 50 on a single claim line, or on two separate lines with modifiers LT and RT. Medicare requires the two-line LT/RT format. Commercial payer preference varies — verify before submitting.
06Which ICD-10 codes most commonly support 28740 for Medicare?
Post-traumatic arthritis of the midfoot (M19.071/M19.072), primary osteoarthritis of the foot (M19.071/M19.072), Lisfranc injury sequela, and flatfoot deformity codes are the most common supporting diagnoses. The specific joint and laterality in the ICD-10 code must match the operative documentation exactly.

Mira AI Scribe

Mira's AI scribe captures the specific joint name (e.g., first tarsometatarsal, talonavicular), fixation method, cartilage preparation technique, and laterality directly from surgeon dictation. It flags if multiple joints are mentioned — prompting review of whether 28730 is the correct code — before the claim is submitted. That prevents the most common audit finding on foot arthrodesis: a single-joint code attached to a multi-joint procedure note.

See how Mira captures CPT 28740 documentation

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